Life in Dublin :: Essays Papers

Life in Dublin In his book Dubliners, James Joyce looks deep inside the lives of those who live in Dublin. Many of the characters are bored with how they live their lives. They want desperately to get out of Dublin. They wish to lead exciting lives somewhere else, whether it is in a fantasy or in a different part of Ireland. In this book, they will try to escape their everyday lives by traveling outside of their normal everyday activities. Individuals in society are often portrayed as trying to escape Dublin. In the story â€Å"Eveline,† a young woman is trying to escape her household through a journey with a young man named Frank. Her escape is shown through individual and society. This journey takes her away from the miserable life she is living. â€Å"Now she is going to go away like the others, to leave her home† (29). Eveline wants to explore a new and more exciting life with Frank. The two of them are escaping from Dublin by a night-boat to Buenos Ayres. Eveline wishes that Frank can save her from all that surrounds her in the life she leads. Throughout this story, Eveline has encounters with a violent father that she wishes to escape. Leaving with Frank is the solution to her problem. Before her mother dies, Eveline promised that she will keep the home together as long as she could. Eveline’s father tells her that she squanders the money and that he isn’t going to give her the money because he works hard for the money and it shouldn’t be thrown around on the streets. â€Å"†¦she sometimes felt herself in danger of her father’s abuse† (30). Through her escape with Frank she can escape her father’s demeaning remarks and his constant verbal and physical abuse. Eveline is going tired of doing all the cooking and the cleaning. Frank is going to take her away from what he is doing to the family. With her mind set on escaping from Dublin, Eveline realizes that she will have an effect on society, her family, and herself.

Public Relations and Social Media

Figure 1: BDI Logo An essay on the Black Dog Institute’s use of social media for public relations purposes. Major Assessment: How is social media being used by not-for-profit organisations for PR purposes? Choose one not-for-profit organisation operating in Australia and discuss – with reference to public relations and new media theory – how the organisation is using social media to manage their key stakeholders and community groups online. The practice of public relations has seen a change in recent years, and now includes many and varied tools; including new media.The term ‘new media’ encompasses a variety of non-traditional methods including social media. This essay discusses the use of social media in a public relations capacity, to assist in managing an organisation’s key stakeholders and community groups online. The focus organisation is the Black Dog Institute (BDI), a notfor-profit organisation and an â€Å"educational, research, clin ical and community-oriented facility offering specialist expertise in mood disorders† (Black Dog Institute, 2012).When considering how an organisation uses social media, it is important to understand who the key stakeholders are and also what constitutes social media tools. Some of the institute’s key stakeholders (otherwise known as the specific target audience) include health professionals, donors/sponsors and government agencies. So, with some of the key stakeholders defined, what then is social media? Social media, as a whole, is online media with which you – the user can participate.Mayfield (2008) states that social media of all kind shares most (or all) of the following characteristics – participation, openness, conversation, community and connectedness. The Black Dog institute has used several social media tools to get their message out to the wider community. The use of these new media tools, specifically social media tools, assists not-for-profit organisations such as The Black Dog Institute in managing their key stakeholders and community groups online. Social media is fast becoming an effective tool for public relations purposes and The Black Dog Institute has mplemented a variety of tools such as wikis, social networking, blogging, video, an interactive website and applications suitable for iPhone, iPad and iPod. Figure 2: Social Media The Black Dog Institute engages in wikis such as The Mental Health Wiki. The Mental Health Wiki (2012) which claims to be â€Å"a collaborative, open platform for capturing high quality information in the mental health field† is open to anyone however the site only allows suitably qualified people to contribute. So how does this wiki help The Black Dog Institute manage their key stakeholders?Through participation, the institute is able to demonstrate their expertise in the area of mental health therefore enhancing their reputation among other health organisations. Wikis are a potent ial destination for online Page 2 of 7 PRN101 – Major Assignment research and thus by contributing to such, the organisation is able to continuously improve relationships between themselves and their stakeholders (medical professionals) As a fundamental function of public relations is to build mutually beneficial relationships, the contributions supplied by the institute on the Mental Health Wiki would be accessible by other health care professionals.This accessibility is a key in building such relationships, and in turn, the institute has access to other organisation’s research material. On the flip side however, it is important for the institute to consider the legal ramifications of contributing to such a forum. Flynn (2012) states that social media content can be subpoenaed and used to support (or sink) an organisation in the event of litigation, therefore it is important that the institute adheres to laws affecting PR such as copyright, privacy and the Trade Pract ices Act.Facebook is a social networking site offering community, conversation and connectedness and is another largely accessible social media tool with which The Black Dog Institute has engaged. Their active Facebook site allows community groups to interact and remain connected with the institute. The site offers news feeds, events, videos and the option for like minded people to contribute to the site through ‘posts’ – discussions. Figure 3: BDI FaceBook Page According to Solis (2009) social networking is not just about socialising, it’s about leveraging the network to increase visibility for expertise, reputation and activity.As you can see with the image, the Black Dog Institute’s Facebook page includes a picture of their facility, but is this the kind of visibility we refer to in PR? To increase their visibility (or exposure) the institute utilises social network i. e. Facebook to promote upcoming events, VIP associations, and other online pre sences such as websites/twitter and to provide another avenue to access their products for sale. By using social networking to increase their visibility, the institute develops another avenue to increase donations and much needed funds.Page 3 of 7 PRN101 – Major Assignment Blogging is another social media tool that has been adopted by The Black Dog Institute, through the use of Twitter – a micro-blogging site. Their Twitter blogs allow readers to ‘pull’ information that is relevant to them and with the dynamic nature of blogging; the institute gains a genuine insight into the opinions of their public. In terms of public relations, blogging assists the organisation to maintain a constant and up-to-date connection with its publics.The Black Dog Institute embraces that connection and continues to build a network (or community) of like minded people and remain connected with their audiences. With one of the most important functions of public relations being to create understanding, blogging sites such as Twitter allows The Black Dog Institute to create this understanding. Some media tools do not allow participation from an organisation’s public, however through blogging a two-way process is encouraged thereby creating a mutual understanding.It is important to acknowledge that a forum involving two-way conversation can again place the organisation in a vulnerable position – both its’ legally and socially responsible position. Therefore maintaining an ethical approach to the blogging process, with a deliberate course of action, can help to reduce this vulnerability. Figure 4: YouTube Videos are another social media tool that an organisation can use to remain connected with their public. Sites like YouTube are becoming increasingly popular with individuals and organisations alike.The Black Dog Institute has a YouTube channel, where subscribers can upload videos and also comment on videos uploaded by others. The institut e joined the YouTube ‘phenomenon’ in September, 2011. At present there are only two videos available on their own channel, however when you search the term ‘black dog institute’ several others have been uploaded (as indicated in the above image). This indicates an increasing awareness of the institute through an often entertaining and light hearted forum. Videos offer the institute the opportunity to present their organisation in an honest and accurate way.Further development of their YouTube channel can be achieved Page 4 of 7 PRN101 – Major Assignment through commenting on other contributor uploads regarding the institute and its activities from other users. Other tools utilised by the institute, which are a little out of the scope of this essay, include an iPod/iPad application – â€Å"The Black Dog Pedometer†. This tool gives the institute’s stakeholders/community access to not only a pedometer but also a link to learn more a bout the institute and also a donation option.In terms of public relations, the pedometer application increases the organisations image as an authority on the subject of mental health and mood disorders. The institute also has a website developed specifically for teenagers – www. biteback. org. au which as a whole is not a social media tool; however the blog component of the site offers interaction and participation by subscribers. The Bite Back website allows the BDI public relations team to take a proactive approach to their subject of expertise, offering an engaging and interactive forum for their younger community groups.As you can see throughout this essay, social media assists the Black Dog Institute in its’ public relations plans. Tools previously outlined such as wikis, social networking, blogging and videos assist the institute in building and improving relationships with their key stakeholders and to increase awareness and visibility of their organisation. As the momentum of social media continues, further opportunities may develop for the institute. Trimester 1, 2012 Page 5 of 7 PRN101 – Major Assignment Reference List: Figures Figure 1: Black Dog Institute Logo – www. lackdoginstitute. org. au (accessed 30 April, 2012) Figure 2: Social Media – http://masoncadeagency. com/wpcontent/uploads/2011/07/SMO_Social_Media_Optimization. jpg (accessed 3 May, 2012) Figure 3: Black Dog Institute Facebook page – http://www. facebook. com/blackdoginst (accessed 5 May, 2012) Figure 4: YouTube screenshot – Available: http://www. youtube. com/results? search_query=black+dog+institute+&oq=black+dog +institute+&aq=f&aqi=&aql=&gs_l=youtube. 3†¦ 16614. 20473. 0. 21177. 22. 19. 1. 2. 2. 1. 30 3. 2779. 5j7j6j1. 19. 0†¦ 0. 0. (accessed 6 May, 2012)Bibliography Texts: Ali, M 2006, Public Relations – Creating an IMAGE, Heinemann, Oxford, GB Chaffey, D & Smith, PR. 2010, eMarketing eXcellence – Planning and optimizing your digital marketing, Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford, UK. Flynn, N, 2012, Social media handbook – policies and best practices to effectively manage your organization's social media presence, posts, and potential risks. Wiley, Australia Harrison, Kim 2011, Strategic Public Relations – A Practical Guide to Success, Palgrave Macmillan, South Yarra, Australia Lee, R & Kotler, P. 011, Social Marketing – Influencing Behaviors for Good, 4th edition. Sage, California Rix, P, 2011, Marketing – A Practical Approach, McGraw Hill, North Ryde, Australia. Solis, B & Breakenridge, D. 2009, Putting the Public Back in Public Relations – How Social Media Is Reinventing the Aging Business of PR, Pearson Education, New Jersey Page 6 of 7 PRN101 – Major Assignment eBooks and PDFs: Junee,T 2012, PRN101_Social_Media_2012-2 [Slide]. THINK: APM College of Business, Sydney Mayfield, A. 2008 What is Social Media? v1. 4 updated 1 August 2008 http://www. crossing. co. uk/fileadmin/uploads/eBooks/What_is_Social_Media_iCrossing_eb ook. pdf (accessed 3 May, 2012) Weblinks: Black Dog Insitute. 2012. About Us: Black Dog Institute. Available: http://www. blackdoginstitute. org. au/aboutus/overview. cfm (accessed 6 April, 2012) Harris, A. 2012. Be Social Media Savvy. Available: http://www. pria. com. au/priablog/be-social-media-savvy (accessed 7 April, 2012) Mental Health Wiki. 2012. Register: Available: http://www. mentalhealthwiki. org/deki/plugins/register/register. php (accessed 2 May,2012) Facebook. 012. Key Facts. Available: http://newsroom. fb. com/content/default. aspx? NewsAreaId=22 (accessed 1 May, 2012) YouTube. 2012. Search results for Black Dog Institute. Available: http://www. youtube. com/results? search_query=black+dog+institute+=black+dog+instit ute+=f===youtube. 3†¦ 16614. 20473. 0. 21177. 22. 19. 1. 2. 2. 1. 303. 2779. 5j7j6 j1. 19. 0†¦ 0. 0. (accessed 18 April, 2012) Black Dog Bite Back. 2012. Blogs: Availabl e: http://www. biteback. org. au/ (accessed 2 May, 2012) Page 7 of 7 PRN101 – Major Assignment

The Is A Matter Of Perception - 1760 Words

â€Å"Disability is a matter of perception. If you can do just one thing well, you’re needed by someone.† – Martina Navratilova. Society needs to come to reason with Navratilova’s quote because no matter the disability one has, that one person may be the cure to another person’s problems. Within this world, we come across people who may think that someone who has a disability such as Asperger may have little to no future. Then we have people like John Elder Robison who says and proves otherwise, along with other famous authors and artist. Although they have proven to be successful there are different types of help that they may have access too such as a service animal to help deal with any stress or unease brought on from a situation such as†¦show more content†¦At times children or adults who have Asperger’s struggle with understanding when someone is trying to tell jokes because for them they cannot comprehend the idea that it is s upposed to be funny, to them they believe it is truly happening (Thomas, Lewis). The task of being able to separate jokes from serious situations is hard to accomplish for them. They lack the ability to respond to situations within an affectionate way and may show sensitivity to certain situations (Loades, Maria E.). Although throughout the book John Elder knows that he should be showing emotion to certain situations but he just can’t do it because of his Asperger’s. Often people get the warning signs of Asperger’s confused because they think that their child doesn’t have Asperger’s because they are almost too smart for their own good. This type is what is known as high-functioning autism. High-functioning autism is often misunderstood because the child may not show all the â€Å"normal† symptoms of Asperger’s but shortly come to realize that even with being high-functioning this disability is still lifelong effective. There are also times where an individual may find it hard to make direct eye contact such as John Elder with his teacher during his secondary school. The reasoning behind this is said to be that it makes the person uncomfortable because of the possible situations or certain people involved.Show MoreRelatedTransparency As A Theoretical Matter Of Perception1202 Words   |  5 Pagesmind. Classifying transparency into two different types allows a shift from understanding transparency as science, to comprehending transparency as a theoretical matter of perception. The categorization of transparency into two types helps people understand transparency as something beyond science and relate it to a speculative matter of observation. While both literal and phenomenal are understood as types of transparencies they preform completely differently. Literal transparency leaves nothingRead MoreReality: A Matter of Perception Essay2729 Words   |  11 Pagesâ€Å"Miracles are like meatballs, because nobody can exactly agree on what they are made of, where they come from, or how often they should appear. Some people say that a sunrise is a miracle, because it is somewhat mysterious and often very beautiful, but other people say it is simply a fact of life, because it happens every day and far too early in the morning. Some people say that a telephone is a miracle, because it sometimes seems wondrous that you can talk with somebody who is thousands of milesRead MorePerception Is A Matter Of Interaction Between The World And The Self1534 Words   |  7 PagesPerception is a matter of interaction between the world and the self; the self is a person’s being that separates them from anyone else in the world. At its simplest, the world gives people events; in return people give those events meaning by interpreting and acting upon them. Perception, it is a mental impression meaning it is perceived by our five senses. It is an active process consisting of three processes; selection, organization, and interpretation. Also perception involves age, culture,Read MoreThe Philosophy Of Mind By Paul Churchland1327 Words   |  6 PagesPhilosophy of Mind In contemporary philosophy of mind, talk of perception has fallen out of favour. Indeed most writers to deny perception altogether, or claim that they do not matter. Instead they reduce perception to reality, or speak of the â€Å"really real.† Perception are said to be â€Å"nothing but† particles or waves or structured brain events. â€Å"Always already† â€Å"Nothing but† matter and motion. One influential philosopher of mind, Paul Churchland in his book The Engine of Reason, The Seat of the SoulRead More John Lockes Essay Concerning Human Understanding1405 Words   |  6 Pagesdistinction between the sorts of ideas we can conceive of in the perception of objects. Locke separates these perceptions into primary and secondary qualities. Regardless of any criticism of such a distinction, it is a necessary one in that, without it, perception would be a haphazard affair. To illustrate this, an examination of Lockes definition of primary and secondary qualit ies is necessary. Starting from common-sense notions of perception, namely that there must be something in order to perceiveRead MoreRenee Pann . Mid Term Essay. John Locke’S Limited Representationalism. March 12, 2017. A. . Do You Ever1417 Words   |  6 Pagesideas are the objects of direct perception because physical objects are not in the mind, only ideas are, even though our ideas might resemble or be caused by physical objects.† (Schacht, 1984, lll; see also Locke, 1690, I, VIII, 8). The limited representationalism was based upon some of the properties of our sense data that reflects properties of matter that cause sense data. He additionally believed not all properties of our sense data resemble properties of matter. He believed that properties ofRead MoreA Study Of Teaching Classroom Discipline / Management Techniques Essay1551 Words   |  7 Pagespurpose of this capstone was to determine perception of physical education graduates from at least five different areas from Missouri with regards to their physical education training programs, the training of specific classroom discipline or management techniques and the number of institutional hours used to teach these specific discipline/management methods. David’s area focus was to answer the following questions (pgs. 22-24) 1. Are graduates’ perceptions of the quality of instruction that theyRead MoreThe Role Of Literature And Preparation Of Effective Books1451 Words   |  6 Pageseasily by the use of latest technologies. Through these resources, people can observe the efforts of experts and they can understand the role of this writer for promotion of different languages. The importance of professional thoughts is an observable matter for all people because most of his books are translated in English language. With this facility, people can read his thoughts and they can make their capabilities prominent and massive without any complexity and trouble. Realization of language:Read More Enquiries Concerning Human Understanding by David Hume Essay1279 Words   |  6 Pagesthat Hume would propose his own framework for human thinking. For Hume, perceptions are developed either as the understanding of the outside world, or as recollections of these events or alterations of these memories within the mind ¹. This distinction is important, as it allows Hume to differentiate perceptions as true or false notions. With this, Hume puts forward his concepts of belief and fiction. Belief is defined in perceptions that one, simply put, believes, and fiction encompasses the thoughtsRead MoreThe Inconceivability Argument1247 Words   |  5 Pagesconsidered to be mind-dependent, then the object does not actually exist in the world but instead it exists in the mind as an idea. Berkeley is an anti-materialist, which means that he believes the only things that exist are minds and what is in them. Matter is not an exception to this belief, so Berkel ey believes that it is just an idea. In his work Three Dialogues between Hylas and Philonous Berkeley is arguing against materialism, which views material substance to exist independently outside of the

Companies Law Performance for Multinational Groups Liabilities - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 10 Words: 3066 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Law Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? Companies Law Performance for Multinational Groups Liabilities Law is absolutely essential for a civilized society to prosper and thrive. Therefore, we have got Laws pertaining to all walks of life ranging from Human Rights to Criminal Laws, from Laws of Inheritance to Family Laws; similarly there is also a need for the Law which would regulate the way in which a Company behaves and operates its functionalities. These set of Rules and Regulations in the United Kingdom (UK) are contained under the Companies Act of 2006. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Companies Law Performance for Multinational Groups Liabilities" essay for you Create order The Company being a separate legal entity; enjoys the rights just like ordinary human beings. It has the right to take others to the court and in turn it can be sued upon. Furthermore, whatever the actions which are done under the Companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s name by the employees; the Company will be solely responsible for those actions and not the employees[1], unless of course those actions which are deemed as illegal by law; only then will the relevant employees be held liable of misconduct. In a similar context, the Companies Balance Sheet consists of two main components, Assets and Liabilities. Assets are all those things that are of use for the organization[2]; which can be utilized to ensure the smooth functioning of operations of the firm. Similarly, liabilities are all those things under a legal context for which the company is responsible for[3]; often people consider liabilities as the amount owed by a firm. When companies accomplish their obligations as per law; t hey are known to have conducted a performance of Law. In other words; they have completed their responsibilities as per Law. However; when they fail to do so or they are found to be in negligence of their duty, their actions are referred to as non performance of Law[4]. Multinational Companies are those companies; which are operating in several countries but use their home country as the head quarter of their operations. However; this is not necessary that they should be running all operations from home country; because we live in an age of outsourcing where outsourcing has evolved from 3rd Party contracts to 4th and 5th party contracts. Another definition for Multinational organizations is that; all those companies or groups of companies which derive 1/4th of its revenue from abroad. Now that the basic definitions of terms and phrases are clear; let us head towards the main topic of discussion, i.e. what Laws have been enshrined in the constitution for cases of Multinational Companies (MNC), How do these Laws come into place or are enforced when an organization is found to be liable for unpaid debts? This is why the Companies Act of 2006 is applied in the UK; in order to clarify the legalities which could arise either by performance or non performance of contracts, promises and other legally binding agreements between two or more companies. The situation is not that simple it may seem to be. Since the status of a Multinational firm is often ambiguous due to the fact that the Companies and their Parent Organization both enjoy a separate Legal Entity as per Law; and because they are operating in Multinational countries, they reap in good profits for the country in which they operate and also are politically strong contenders in international area because of fulfilling their Corporate Social Responsibility towards those countries, they earn a good repute in the international market and become the apple of the eye of several Governments for provision of employment to a large sector of unemployed persons in their countries. Since an MNC legally is a non-state actor, it is not bound by the Laws which are established by countries multilateral agreements which are often signed to ensure the safety of their respective environments in which an MNC is going to operate. Since these Laws are not applied on a Local Level; often an MNC is not obliged to follow these multilateral agreements. What is further alarming and disturbing to note is that MNCs often target under developed and developing nations where laws are set forth by the respective governments are such that they may be written in the constitutions; but are not enforced by letter and spirit. Let us consider the example of Brazil, India, China and Russia; these are often referred to as BRIC countries and have been one of the fastest growing countries in the recent years in terms of GDP growth rate[5]. The BRIC Countries rapid rise is the result of a combination easy and lax government policies set forth in the recent years and of course the cheap availability of resources both human and material has resulted in a rapid boom for these countries. However; recently development between Ukraine and Russia and the result of EU embargo has left Russia fall short of reaching that expected growth rate as was predicted by Trade Analysts and Economists in the recent years. Nevertheless, the MNCs often target such regions where the governments are often found negligence of fulfilling their constitutional responsibilities. On the other hand the governments do so because they can foresee the profits and benefits which an MNC would bring in at the cost of damaging their own Ecological Environment. As it has been observed by Mac Donald et al (2000), often; NMCs function in those areas that are not regulated by the governments and Parent Company enjoys no legal obligations arising from any such operations of its subsidiary[6]. Hence we may state that an MNC trie s its best to generate the corporate veil in order to safeguard its parent company. This has also been supported by Scovazzi (1991); who thinks that judicial proceedings to pierce such a corporate veil will be time consuming but it will also eventually expose the loopholes that are pertinent in the legal system[7]. This being said; we may come to the conclusion from these arguments stated above that an MNC enjoys an unfair advantage over a local firm because a local company will always find itself entangled in a web of legal issues; whereas due to the lack of international laws governing the activities of the MNC provide it a legal cover as it enjoys exploiting the loopholes in the legal system; whereas the due to the lengthy procedures involved in piercing the veil of corporations, quite too often the governments do not purse the cases despite being fully aware of the operations of the MNC. The problem here is not that the Laws are not being put in place to address such issue s as Environmental damage, but the problem lies at the implementation and on the defined ambiguity of these Laws are often suggested in multilateral agreements. The MNC cannot be brought to book as long as these laws are not further refined at the local level of the government. Hence the MNCs avoid the liabilities that would have otherwise risen from such scenarios. What is also disturbing to note is that there is a lack of provisions for international environmental liability[8]; the governments also fail to include provisions for such liabilities; in those multilateral agreements; despite there have been repeated history of violations and damages caused by MNCs and such firms have made a mockery of International Law by exploiting the legalities of the clauses. Examples which have involved nuclear power plants like Chernobyl and Fukushima have gained the attention of the international community members[9]. Also disasters which include the oil spillage incidents are note worthy in history of liabilities of MNC arising from such disasters. These disasters have forced the particular industry operators to be immensely scrutinized by the States in which they are functional, because the dangers associated with such disasters are great as compared to the cost of individual lives and the overall Eco-system is put at risk. Considering the liabilities arising from the oil slick incidents and the liabilities arising from pollution of Marine Life; notably two important conventions can be cited here to support this article. First was the Civil Liabilities convention of 1970; which had reduced the liabilities arising from such marine disasters and pollutions arising from oil slicks and another being the Civil Liabilities Conventions; which imposed stringent yet addressed the liability arising from such incidents as limited liability[10] The Lugano Convention of 1993 and the European Union (EU) impose liabilities on a broader division of companies that are involv ed in activities which are dangerous to the environment; this is done with the help of Environmental Liability Directive (2004/35/EC). The principle which states that the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"polluter must payà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢is well known among the civil jurisdictions[11] and it has been by judges that polluting units have to go[12]. It is also note worthy go into the details to note that this principle strict liability; holds that if it has been deemed that the activity which was carried out has been considered as dangerous; the person carrying such an activity is to compensate for the losses which may arise from conducting of such an activity; regardless of the fact whether due care was taken or not whilst the activity was undertaken. Also the United Nations Global Compact (UNGC) in this regards has set forth guidelines and principles which the companies are encouraged to follow which also include the environmental standards as well. These principles can be found in the à ¢Ã¢â€ š ¬Ã‹Å"The Ten Principlesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ an online guide published on the website of (UNGC). It is important to point out here that Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD have also set forth guidelines in order to help governments to make recommendations to the MNCs operating in their countries which though are non-binding but yet an effective way of improving the coordination between the MNCs and government. It is up to the government to close in on the gap pertaining to the limited liability scope and accountability for the MNCs, for this reason a Conference in Stockholm took place in 1972 where the need for recognition of Environmental Laws was stressed to be recognized and the need to implement better laws pertaining to environmental protection was stressed considering to keep it in line with the growing activities of MNCs. In this regard several; Transnational Investment Agreements (TIA) have been signed between the MNCs and the hosts, but it has b een often noted that particularly the third world countries are not eager to implement these TIAs and other laws pertaining to the environment preservation because these agreements would compel the MNCs to limit their activities which hazardous in nature but yet necessary to produce the finished product. One such example is of Baku-Tsibili-Ceyhan (BTC) pipeline project. The Pipeline runs 1,760km long and stretches from Azerbaijan through Georgia to the Mediterranean coast of Turkey. The project had to face several of difficult problems relating environmental challenges. Financing of the project was agreed in 2004 after a delay of several years and completion of various environmental and social projects. Completion of the project took place by the end of 2005 and the project finally commenced its operations in 2006 with Ceyhan as being its hub. Now that we have seen how MNCs behave in international arena, let us examine the cases which have taken place in the jurisdiction of UK and how the Companies Law of UK came into play and what verdicts were given in the issues involving MNCs. It was in In 1980s a company named Thor operated in Margate, England and manufactured Chemicals involving Mercury. The Health and Safety standards in Margate came under fire when workers blood and urine samples taken by Health and Safety Executive (HSE) were found to be containing high levels of Mercury deposits. In 1986, the company switched its operations from Margate to Cato Ridge in South Africa. In Cato Ridge; the workers of the factory showed similar symptoms of having high levels of Mercury in Urine and Blood. Instead of changing the Safe Procedures and Methods of conducting the operations the company decided to shuffle its workers. It lay off those who had high levels of Mercury deposits in their body systems and hired new ones instead. In Feb of 1992, the poisoning of workers came to light as three workers died and several others showed case of severe poisonin g. A criminal inquiry was held in magistrates court and a fine of  £3,000 was imposed. Subsequently this resulted in compensation claims against the parent company in the English High Courts on behalf of 20 workers. The claims were based on the grounds of having a negligent set-up of operations and lack of safety standards and monitoring of hazardous processes; hence it was based on the overall failure to take steps necessary steps to protect the South African workers against the foreseeable risk of mercury poisoning. The company had applied for a stay of action on forum grounds, but application was dismissed. The Judge; J. Stewart noted the associations of the claim with England and held that English law were to be applied to the case. Thorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s appeal was struck down by the court and Thor settled the claim for  £1.3 million in 1997. Another example is of compensational claim which was brought in to English Courts by E. Connelly, a laryngeal can cer victim who was employed at RTZà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Rossing uranium mine in Namibia. The allegations held English-based RTZ companies responsible for all Key strategic technical and policy decisions relating to Rossing; this meant that despite whatever Rossing did in terms of misconduct and negligence, the parent company was to be held liable for its actions and carelessness towards the precautionary measures which were to be implemented for workers safety. It was in March of 1995, that RTZ was able to convince the court that Namibia was the rightful forum for this particular case. The case was brought to the Court of Appeal two times before ending up at the House of Lords and it was held that since Mr. E. Connelly was not able to pursue the case legally in Namibia; therefore the case should be litigated England. Another claim was brought by the widow of an (esophageal) cancer victim; who was employed at Rossing, Peter Carlson. The victim worked during the same period and in the same region as did Connelly. RTZ applied to strike out the Connellyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s claim and to stay the Carlson action on the ground of forum being non-convenient. Interesting as it may seem, the court struck out Connellyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s claim but dismissed on the grounds of limitaitons RTZà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s application to stay the Carlson action on the grounds that his widow would not be able to attain necessary funding which is required to obtain justice in Namibia. The Cape Asbestos Company Limited, was involved in mining asbestos in the Northern Cape respectively from 1890 1979. From 1948 onwards the operations in the North Western Cape were carried out directly by the parent company, via its subsidiaries. The Prieska mill was located in the middle of the town, near by a school. The operations pertaining to mining and milling led to the families being infected with the asbestos-related disease. It was a tragedy; which affected the whole families. When the Ch ief Medical Officer of Cape visited The Prieska mill in 1962, hed reported that the conditions around the mill were not good; he noted that the crusher had no doors thus a cloud of dust was being blown with strong winds towards the town. At Capeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Penge mine, the conditions were just as bad with asbestos dust levels. In 1970s it was several times greater than the UK limit during the corresponding period. Compensation claims were commenced in the English High Court in 1997. The claimse were in favour of 3 Penge workers who had lived near the mine suffered from asbestosis and 2 Prieska residents who had lived in the vicinity of the mine suffered from mesothelioma. The claims were based on the negligence of the companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s world-wide asbestos business. To make matters worse, claims were also filed on behalf of 4 Italian workers, employed at Capeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Turin manufacturing operation, run by another subsidiary, Capamianto. Cape applied to stay the South African claims on forum grounds, their application was granted, but on appeal in July 1998, the Court of Appeal reversed this decision. The Court insisted that breaches of duty of care took place in England and not in South Africa. In Dec of 1998, the House of Lords dismissed Capeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s petition and in Jan of 1999; two further actions comprising almost 2000 claims were commenced in England against Cape plc by South African claimants exposed to asbestos in the same geographical regions of South Africa. Cape applied to stay the 2000 claims on forum grounds contending that the emergence of the group was a sufficiently material change to warrant a different conclusion from that of the Court of Appeal in the first 5 cases. Cape also sought a stay of the first 5 cases on the grounds that the Court of Appeal had been misled as to the true nature of the case. The Judge granted a stay of all the actions including the 5 Lube claims. SA is divided into 9 sepa rate provincial jurisdictions, each of which exercises jurisdiction over a Claimant if; the cause of action arose in the jurisdiction and, the Defendant is based, or has assets in the jurisdiction, or the Defendant submits to that jurisdiction. However, in the case of the Northern Cape Provincial Division, mere submission will not suffice. There, money will also have to be lodged in a bank account and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“attachedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  by the Claimants in order for the N Cape Court to have jurisdiction. However, Buckley J concluded that once he had decided to stay the action, the manner of its progress in South Africa was a matter for the SA Courts. Buckley J said he was also à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“comfortedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  by decisions of the US Courts in which public policy considerations had influenced the decision of the courts to stay proceedings in favour of the alternative forum. The specific reference to the Bhopal case was perhaps surprising given that it is widely known th at the settlement of these [1] Refer to the ruling of Lord Halsbury, in Salomon vs A. Salomon Co. Ltd [1897] [2] Refer to WordWeb Online Dictionary [3] Refer to https://www.investopedia.com/terms/l/liability.asp [4] Refer to https://thelawdictionary.org/ [5] Refer to https://www.tradingeconomics.com/country-list/gdp-annual-growth-rate [6] Mac Donald et al (2000) pp. 20-31 [7] Scovazzi (1991) pp. 413-421 [8] Ong (2001) pp. 697 [9] Friedman (2011) pp. 55-56 [10] Refer to Article (6) of Civil Liabilities Convention [11] Ong (2001) pp. 700 [12] Mc Mehta v Union of India and MC Mehta v Kamal Nath Ors.

Elizabethan Era of Music Culture Essay - 789 Words

The music was played very often as a normal routine. People considered it a must to know how to play an instrument, sing, or be involved somehow with music in this age of time. Instruments in the 1600’s were able to make any type of music; the amazing part was no matter how many instruments you used it would always sound pure and the same. Another unique thing about the music and culture in the 1600’s is that it was also healthy for the body. During the Elizabethan Era the people would gather together to dance and dance for hours, their stamina must have been incredible. Music was use to entertain most people. Before the music became a big part in people life during the Elizabethan Era theatre played a really big part during this time. It†¦show more content†¦Did you know at times you would be dancing with a complete stranger and you could’ve been lucky enough to meet your dance partners, this made dancing all the more exciting in the Elizabethan Era tim e period. Not only did the people love to dance but they would dance for hours and hours a day. I love to dance but I could imagine how tired I would be after so many hours of dancing. We had two people to visit our school and what I learned about the women were that no matter what you would have great posture, reasons being is because they wore this body brace what we call girdles in this age of time. What the body brace would do is automatically sit the women up at all times. Even if women so much bend over it could break your ribs. They also told us about the theatre and how they would practice the stunts they do in most of the drama and actions plays. What many people didn’t know was that the person performing the stunts did very little movements and the person who the stunts was performed on did most of the work to make the stunt seem so real. All of Shakespeare plays were not very popular in that period of time like they are now and it’s amazing because most thin gs they did we thought were weird and it flips during our age. It states on the Elizabethanera.org that the history of the theater is fascinating. How plays were first produced in the yards of inns - the Inn-yards, the very first theater and development of the amphitheater. TheShow MoreRelatedThe Elizabethan Era 1663 Words   |  7 Pagesnobler in mind to suffer†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . Music, poetry, and plays were important parts of entertainment during the Elizabethan era. Musicians composed new types of music, poets expressed their feeling through poetry, and playwrights wrote plays of different types of genres. Social classes and gender roles also contributed to the entertainment culture. During the Elizabethan era, people were entertained by sources of entertainment, such as plays, music, and poetry. Music was one of the many sources ofRead MoreElizabethan Music794 Words   |  4 Pages Music During The Elizabethan Era During the reign of Queen Elizabeth the First (1558-1603), English art and culture reached a high point known as the top of the English renaissance. Elizabethan music experienced a change in popularity from sacred to non religious music and the rise of instrumental music. Experienced musicians were hired by the Church of England, the wealthy, and rising middle-class. Queen Elizabeth I greatly enjoyed music and played the lute and virginal herself. She also believedRead MorePractice HSC essay1060 Words   |  5 Pagesa play which uses props, stage positioning and lighting compared to ‘O’ a film using camera angles, technology and music. This develops a sense of timelessness as issues relevant in the Elizabethan era still being relevant in our present day. Both texts are created due to the values of their era, allowing the context to be relatable to the audience. 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Not only did the Royal Family have great impact on the time period, but the laws that enforced how the English were allowed to act and what they wereRead MoreThe Elizabethan Er The Golden Age Of English History1527 Words   |  7 PagesJamie Berquist Carolyn Crumpler World History (E Block) March 13, 2015 The Elizabethan Era is depicted as the golden age in English history.   This age was marked as a renaissance which inspired English exploration, international expansion and naval triumph over England’s hated Spanish enemies ( Elizabethan Era.). Queen Elizabeth I was queen from 1558 until her death in 1603, marking the Elizabethan Era.   Her father was King Henry VIII, who ruled from 1509 until his death in 1547, and was succeededRead MoreElizabethan Age Nationalism Essay1512 Words   |  7 Pageswas her intellect and vigor that ultimately won her the last word. She was their King, this virgin Queen that defined her life with the love of no man but a country of loyal subjects. England prospered in culture and religion as well as establishing itself as a world power, all during Elizabethan times. During the reign of Queen Elizabeth I, nationalism soared due to the queen’s deep devotion to England which she portrayed through these four titles, or â€Å"faces† she adopted over the years; the ProtestantRead MoreEssay on Renaisssance versus Baroque Periods967 Words   |  4 Pagesdifferent periods. The renaissance period rolled into the baroque era. There were changes made over the years from the baroque to the renaissance period. Differences in style accumulated along with views of art and music. Baroque era covers the period between 1600 and 1750 beginning with Monte Verdi (birth of opera) and ended with deaths of Bach and Handel. The term baroque music is borrowed from the art history. It follows the Renaissance era (1400-1600). It was initially considered to be a corrupt wayRead MoreComparison/Contrast Renaisssance and Baroque Essay967 Words   |  4 Pagesdifferent periods. The renaissance period rolled into the baroque era. There were changes made over the years from the baroque to the renaissance period. Differences in style accumulated along with views of art and music. Baroque era covers the period between 1600 and 1750 beginning with Monte Verdi (birth of opera) and ended with deaths of Bach and Handel. The term baroque music is borrowed from the art history. It follows the Renaissance era (1400-1600). It was initially considered to be a corrupt wayRead MoreEssay on Bricolage Fashion1203 Words   |  5 Pagescontinuous cycle and are no longer being original and creative. I will be looking at fashion designer Gareth Pugh to explain more about the term bricolage and the use of the past in contemporary fashion designs. Postmodernism affects fashion, film, pop music and any form of contemporary art. 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Academic Book Review of Strangers in the Land by John Higham free essay sample

The book, Strangers in the Land Patterns of American Nativism, 1860 – 1925 was written by John Higham. The book was published in the year 1954. John Higham was born in New York in 1920 and graduated from the Johns Hopkins University. He has worked for the University of Wisconsin, Madison and the U.S. army air force in its historical division in Italy. He earned his doctorate under Merle Curti in 1949. His experiences at the University and US Army made in him a democratic, sophisticated, American patriotism in which he always believed. He was a great teacher, conscientious mentor and a balanced critic (Ross, 2008). The book selected for review deals mainly with the anti-immigrant and anti-racial policies that prevailed in America and the post war developments that led to immigrant flow in large scale and the further issues during the period 1860 to 1925. The book attempts to convey a general history of the anti-foreign spirit the author has defined as nativism. According to the author, Nativism as a habit of mind illuminates darkly, some of the large contours of the American pas. It has mirrored our anxieties and marked out the bounds of our tolerance. The author is concentrating on the hostilities of American nationalists toward European immigrants, who comprised the mainstream of newcomers throughout the chosen period (1860 1925) and the preceding century. The book Strangers in the Land is an evaluation of the pre-Civil war and post war nativist developments in America. Pre-war period saw the idea of ‘Nativism’ develop through anti-catholic, anti-foreign movements and racism. The author takes us through the early to mid nineteenth century during which immigrants were considered equal to aliens and every step was taken to throw them out of the country. Catholicism was condemned due to its non-applicability in American’s concept of individual freedom and political liberty. Anti-foreign movements were aimed mainly at European and French immigrants since the Americans feared political revolution. The third movement was a positive approach and it boosted American racism and evolved that Americans belonged to a superior Anglo-Saxon nationalism. The post war scenario changed all these concepts and saw the immigrants in every sector of developing America. The American government started realising the importance of the immigrants who played a major role in post war development. The immigrants later formed the base support for land development and they also formed the consumers for the various industries. Though nativism seemed to have vanished, it did exist beneath the surface of the society. The author claims that the government supported the flow of immigrants till it helped development and when they started backfiring the nativist inside, the Americans started showing up again. The author describes how the states liberalised the immigration laws initially and then when the trouble started, stringent rules were imposed on immigration. Another area which the author scans is the coming back of anti-Catholic movement through the states’ imposing rules on religious intervention in the field of education. The author further throws light on how anti-racism and labour rights movements created problems for the still-nativist Americans. The author sites that nativism flourished during the period due to the deep-seated ethnic differences between natives, and immigrants added to the movements and events during the period (Higham, 2002). Nativism in American History While evaluating the general history of America, nativism has been an integral part of its past. Americans have discriminated and assaulted immigrants in the early nineteenth century and embraced the immigrants for their own development after the civil war. Alien and Sedition Acts, Protestant Crusade, Chinese Exclusion, Return of Anti-Catholicism, Americanization Campaign and Triumph of Anglo-Saxon Racialism are some of the major movements in American history during the period 1860 to 1925. This has been discussed in various historical works (Cycles of Nativism in U.S. History). 1860 to 1925 is also a time which witness several important events like American Inventions, political developments, World wars and introduction of many important labour laws (Sioux Uprising). Analysis Pros Though there are various books on similar context majority of them analyse the political impact of nativism. Most of the books seem very complex to the reader. Higham’s book was one of the earliest to discuss this important historical factor with a less biased approach about nativism. Books such as Dividing Lines by Daniel J Tichenor and The Party of Fear by David Harry Bennett does discuss about nativism in American history, but the passion and simple prose has made Higham’s book a favourite amongst history students. This book provides simple and effective information about American nativism which can be easily interpreted by laymen. Cons Higham has included information on many smaller interesting events and movements that added to the main events which makes his study more detailed and understandable. By making the prose simple, the author has however made the content less sophisticated than it should have been. In addition to that, the movement has been described generally and individual references supporting nativism has not been given in the book. Higham has shown nativism as a battle between natives and immigrants whereas the internal clashes such as fights between various ethnic groups among the natives have not been mentioned. Higham sites nativism as an act which is preached rather than practiced (Ueda. 2006 p.180-187). Higham has discussed very little about the anti-Asian movements though there is a mention about Chinese Exclusion p.187). Another important aspect of nativism Higham neglected is the role of women in the movements (p.191). Higham’s base for the Protestant leader’s role in the movement is based largely on sermons, pamphlets and books. The extent to which they contributed can be assessed only through the correspondence made by the leaders. Only further investigations will reveal and authenticate some of the links mentioned by Higham (p.193). Conclusion John Higham’s book Strangers in the Land – Patterns of American Nativism, 1860 – 1925 is a very good guide for a beginner to understand the history of American nativism. Though certain important issues have not been considered, the author has been able to demonstrate his work through interesting events and simple prose.

Should Product Placement be Regulated free essay sample

Should Product Placement be regulated? A product placement is defined as a paid product message aimed at influencing movie (or television) audiences via the planned and unobtrusive entry of a branded product into a movie (Matthes, J. ; Wirth, W. ; Schemer, C. ; Kissling, A. , 201 la, Para. 1). Product placement is basically used for directors to afford their films. Most people feel that product placement should be controlled because of the influence it has on an individual. Lets discuss how product placement is used and how it is bad. I have een told that the only way to understand Product Placement is to know how it works first. Today, product placements appear in music videos (Schemer et al. 2008), novels (Brennan 2008), television shows (Law and Braun 2000; Matthes, Schemer, and Wirth 2007), movies (dAstous and Chartier 2000; Gupta and Lord 1998), video games (Nelson 2002), and even in new mediums such as the online virtual world Second Life (Matthes, J. We will write a custom essay sample on Should Product Placement be Regulated or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page ; Wirth, W. ; Schemer, C. ; Kissling, A. , 2011, Para. , b). A perfect example of how product placement works is in the movie Cast Away. Throughout the movie Fed-Ex is being used. The simple sight of seeing the logo on a truck, or the beginning part where all they talk about is Fed-Ex. Companies are having a hard time getting their advertisements out because people have so many ways to ignore it. Just for example on my TV we can fast forward through all of the commercials. These advertisements on TV also only reaches so many people because an average person only watches TV for so many hours a day. So they are putting product placement more and more in movies to help get product out there. Now knowing a little about how product placement works we can discuss ways that product placement is bad nd can influence our society. Smoking in movies has always been an issue and continues to be, because it make it desirable to the human eye. Movie smoking is presented as adult behavior. Exposure to movie smoking makes viewers attitudes and beliefs about smoking and smokers more favorable and has a dose-response relationship with adolescent smoking behavior. Parental restrictions on R-rated movies significantly reduces youth exposure to movie smoking and subsequent smoking uptake. Beginning in 2002, the total amount of smoking in movies was greater in youth-rated (G/PG/PG-13) films than adult-rated (R) films, significantly ncreasing adolescent exposure to movie smoking. Viewing antismoking advertisements before viewing movie smoking seems to blunt the stimulating effects of movie smoking on adolescent smoking (Charlesworth A. ; Glantz SA, 2005, para 1). Smoking advertisements have been banned from so much. They have still been able to get through to kids and adults by famous people in movies, TV shows, and even school magazines. Product placement of cigarette companies still find their way to Smokeless Tobacco were caught running ads in school editions (for students to read) of Time, Newsweek and U. S. News World Report (TobaccoFreeCA, n. . para 6, b). There is some good for them to be helping keep kids from this but companies Just keep making their way through these loopholes. Of course people and their children still see these advertisings in magazines. Every year they still find a way to influence our world. In 1998, the tobacco industry signed the Master Settlement Agreement, vowing to stop targeting youth. However, in 1999, Marlboro, Camel and Newport increased their advertising in youth-oriented magazines. Ads for these three brands were seen by over 80 percent of youth an average of 17 times a year (TobaccoFreeCA, n. d. para 5, a). Articles say that when there is smoking in a PG-13 movie then they Just make sure that the actor/actress is not the ones that are admired from the audience. Apparently this is supposed to prevent the kids from not trying it. I feel that Just because those actors/actresses are on TV then they may admire them even if they are not a big time movie star. Another way to look at this that many parents let their kids watch movies that are not PG-13, which means that they may be seeing the smoking on TV. I feel that either it should be banned from TV all together or it might as well be on the PG-13 movies